This is a big, boisterous, pugnacious, and wide-ranging book, filled with new ideas and with new ways of examining and exploiting familiar phenomena. “Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder” is also so maddening that several times I nearly quit. Yet I am glad that I read the whole book, and I hope you will, too. Nassim Nicholas Taleb rose to fame when his 2007 book, “The Black Swan,” predicted the financial collapse of 2008. Now Taleb follows up with an explanatory thesis about systems that are fragile, and those systems that are, in Taleb’s word, antifragile. First, that new idea: …